Purine inhibitors of cyclin dependent kinase 2 &amp; ikappabalpha

ABSTRACT

A compound having the formula:                    
     wherein: R 1  is —X—R 1 ′; in which R 1 ′ is lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, or substituted heteroaryl, or heterocyclic, and X is —NH—; R 2  is isopropyl; and R 3  is —NR 4 R 5 ; in which R 4  is hydrogen and R 5  is lower alkyl substituted with amino or R 4  and R 5  are both lower alkyl substituted with one, two or three groups chosen from hydroxy and amino, or an acid addition salt or cationic salt thereof. The compounds inhibit CDK-2 activity and are useful for treating disorders characterized by undesirable cell proliferation.

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/230,829 filed Aug. 30, 1999, which is a section 371 application of PCT/US97/13386 filed Aug. 1, 1997, which is a CIP of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/692,012, filed on Aug. 2, 1996, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,866,702.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

(1) Field of the Invention

This invention concerns 2,6,9-trisubstituted purines that have been discovered to be selective inhibitors of cell cycle kinases and, as such, the compounds are inhibitors of cell proliferation. The 2,6,9-trisubstituted purines are useful in for example in—treating autoimmune diseases, e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, type I diabetes, multiple sclerosis, etc., in treating cancer, cardiovascular disease, such as restenosis, host vs graft disease, gout, polycystic kidney disease and other proliferative diseases whose pathogenesis involves abnormal cell proliferation.

This invention also concerns 2,6,9-trisubstituted purines that have been discovered to be potent and specific inhibitors of IκB-α kinase which prevents signal induced NF-κB activation and cytokine synthesis in vitro and in vivo. Such inhibitors are expected to inhibit the synthesis of cytokines and adhesion proteins whose synthesis is transcriptionally regulated by NF-κB. Proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL6, TNF and adhesion proteins (e.g. ICAM, VCAM and selections) belong to this class of molecules and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. Thus a potent inhibitor of IκB-α kinase is useful in the clinical management of diseases where NF-κB activation is required for disease induction.

(2) Description of the Art

In the past few years, advances in molecular and cellular biology have contributed to our understanding of the mechanisms of cell proliferation and of specific events that occur during progression of cells through mitosis. E.g., “Progress in Cell Cycle Research” Vol 1, Eds. L. Meijer, S. Guidet and H. Y. L. Tung; Plenum Press, New York, 1995. These studies have shown that progression through the cell cycle is controlled by a family of serine/threonine kinases called cyclin dependent kinases. These enzymes contain (a) a catalytic protein called cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) that uses ATP as a substrate and (b) a regulatory protein called cyclin. Different cyclin-CDK combinations control events such as growth, DNA replication and cell division. One key member of the CDK family of enzymes is CDK2. CDK2 activity has been shown to be essential for mammalian cell cycle progression at the G1/S boundary. Microinjection of antibodies directed against CDK2 blocks the progression of human diploid fibroblasts into the S phase of the cell cycle. Expression of a CDK2dominant negative mutant in human osteosarcoma cells has a similar effect. Together, these studies indicate that inhibition of cellular CDK2 activity will prevent progression of cells through the mitotic cycle and induce growth arrest prior to the S phase. Consistent with this view, in vitro studies with olomoucine (2-(hydroxyethylamino)-6-benzylamino-9-methylpurine), have shown that it is a specific inhibitor of CDK2 with an IC₅₀ of approximately 2.1 μg/ml J. Vesely, et al.; Eur. J. Biochem 224, 771-786 (1994), L. Meijer “Chemical Inhibitors of Cyclin-Dependent Kinases” pp 351-356 in “Progress in Cell Cycle Research Vol 1, Eds. L. Meijer, S. Guidet and H. Y. L. Tung; Plenum Press, New York, 1995. In vivo studies using mammalian cells in culture have shown that olomoucine inhibits cell proliferation at an approximate concentration of 50 μg/ml.

In this invention, we have developed several compounds whose biological activity is considerably more potent than olomoucine. In vivo studies using mammalian cells indicate that some of the disclosed compounds inhibit cell proliferation at concentrations that are significantly lower than olomoucine.

Recently an IκB-α kinase activity has been described in the cytoplasm of stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (Bennett et al (1996) J. Biol. Chem 271, 19680-19688). Some of the compounds of this invention have been identified as potent and specific inhibitors of IκB-α kinase which prevents signal induced NF-κB activation and cytokine synthesis in vitro and in vivo. The activation of the heterodimeric transcription factor NF-κB is a complex process. In unstimulated cells, the NF-κB (p50/p65) heterodimer is located in the cytosol where it is complexed with an inhibitory subunit IκB-α, IκB-α, binds to NF-κB thus masking its nuclear localization signal and preventing translocation to the nucleus. Upon stimulation of cells with a variety of signals (e.g. lipopolysaccharide) IκB-α is rapidly phosphorylated, uniquitinated and degraded by the proteasome. Degradation of IκB-α, allows the translocation of NF-κB to the nucleus where it activates transcription of a number of inflammatory response genes.

These observations suggest that IκB-α kinase is an attractive target for the identification of inhibitors that may be useful in the treatment of inflammatory diseases where NF-κB activation is required for disease induction.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of this invention to provide 2,6,9-trisubstituted purine compounds, which inhibit the cyclin dependent kinase 2.

It is another object of this invention to provide 2,6,9-trisubstituted purine compounds which are useful for inhibiting cell proliferation.

This invention also constitutes a pharmaceutical composition, which comprises a 2,6,9-trisubstituted purine compound and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

This invention further constitutes a method for inhibiting cell proliferation, which comprises administering to a mammal in need thereof an effective amount of a 2,6,9-trisubstituted purine compound.

In one embodiment, this invention is A 2,6,9-trisubstituted purine composition of matter having the following formula:

where

X is a amino, oxo, thio, or sulfone moiety;

R₁ is halogen or R₁′—X wherein X is an amino, oxo, thio, or sulfone moiety. X is preferably amino.

R₁′ is a lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, substituted cycloheteroalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heterocycle, hetaryl, substituted hetaryl, aralkyl, heteroaralkyl, heteroalkyl, alkyl alkenyl, alkyl alkynyl, alkyl cycloalkyl, or alkyl cycloheteroalkyl, each having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms;

R₂ is hydrogen, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heterocycle, hetaryl, substituted hetaryl, aralkyl, heteroaralkyl, heteroalkyl, alkyl alkenyl, alkyl alkynyl, alkyl cycloalkyl, or alkyl cycloheteroalkyl;

R₃ is halogen, hydroxyl, thio, alkoxy, alkylthio, lower alkyl, —NR₄R₅ or a component having the formula:

 where m=1-3, n=1-3, and o=1-3; Y=carbonyl, —NR₄R₅, hydroxyl, thiol, alkoxy, alkythio, and wherein R₄ and R₅ are each (independently) selected from the group including hydrogen, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, alkoxy, amino, amido, carboxyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heterocycle, cycloheteroalkyl, substituted cycloheteroalkyl, acyl, aryl, substituted aryl, aryloxy, hetaryl, substituted hetaryl, aralkyl, heteroaralkyl, alkyl alkenyl, alkyl alkynyl, alkyl cycloalkyl, alkyl cycloheteroalkyl, or cyano; having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and preferably form 2 to 6 carbon atoms. Furthermore, when Y is carbonyl, R′₄ does not exist in the composition. R₄″ and R₅″ may be a single oxygen atom and R₄′″ and R₅′″ may be a single oxygen atom. R₄ and R₅ are preferably the same or different substituted lower alkyl having 2 to 6 carbon atoms and preferably CH₂CH₂OH, CH₂HC(CH₃)OH and mixtures thereof. There are some limitations to the scope of R₁, R₁′, R₂, R₃ when R₃ is 2-hydroxyethylamino and R₂ is methyl, R₁′—X cannot be amino, 3-methyl-2-butenylamino, benzylamino, or 3-hydroxybenzylamino. When R₃ is 2-hydroxyethylamino and R₂ is isopropyl, R₁′—X is not benzylamino, 3-hydroxybenzylamino, or 3-methylbutylamino. When R₃ is 2-hydroxyethylamino and R₂ is 2-hydroxyethyl, R₁′—X cannot be benzylamino. When R₃ is selected from the group consisting of 2-propanol-2-methylamino and 2-dimethylaminoethylamino and R₂ is methyl, then R₁′—X cannot be benzylamino.

In another embodiment, this invention is a method for inhibiting cell proliferation in mammals comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of the composition of claim 1 to the mammal. The method is useful for treating cell proliferation disorders such at rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, type I diabetes, multiple sclerosis, cancer, restenosis, host graft disease, and gout.

In yet another embodiment, this invention is a pharmaceutical composition of matter comprising the composition above in an admixture with one or more pharmaceutical excipients.

In still another embodiment, this invention is a composition useful for treating fungal infections (fungi) in humans, animals, and in plants.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURE

FIG. 1 is a plot of the mean neointimal area of a rat carotid artery treated with a saline vehicle and treated with compound 3 prepared according to Example 2 wherein the unshaded bar represents the untreated section of the carotid artery and the shaded bar represents the treated section of the carotid artery.

DESCRIPTION OF THE CURRENT EMBODIMENT

The present invention relates to a 2,6,9-trisubstituted purine compound having the following formulas:

where:

R₁ is halogen or R₁′—X wherein X is a amino, oxo, thio, or sulfone moiety. X is preferably amino.

R₁′ may be a lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, substituted cycloheteroalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heterocycle, hetaryl, substituted hetaryl, aralkyl, heteroaralkyl, heteroalkyl, alkyl alkenyl, alkyl alkynyl, alkyl cycloalkyl, or alkyl cycloheteroalkyl, each having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms. R₁′ is preferably CH₂-aryl, CH₂-substituted aryl, 4-methoxybenzyl, 4-chlorobenzyl, 4-nitro benzyl, 4-(2-pyridinyl) benzyl, aryl, substituted aryl, 3-thiomethoxyphenyl, or 4-thiomethoxyphenyl.

R₂ may be hydrogen, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, aryl substituted aryl, heterocycle, hetaryl, substituted hetaryl, aralkyl, heteroaralkyl, substituted heteroaralkyl, heteroalkyl, alkyl alkenyl, alkyl alkynyl, alkyl cycloalkyl, or alkyl cycloheteroalkyl where the hydrocarbon compounds have from 1 to 20 carbon atoms. R₂ is preferably isopropyl.

R₃ is halogen, hydroxyl, thio, alkoxy, alkylthio, lower alkyl, —NR₄R₅ or a component having the formula:

 where m=1-3, n=1-3, o=1-3, Y=carbonyl, —NR₄R₅, hydroxyl, thiol, alkoxy, alkythio, and wherein R₄ and R₅ are each selected from the group including hydrogen, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, alkoxy, amino, amido, carboxyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heterocycle, cycloheteroalkyl, substituted cycloheteroalkyl, acyl, aryl, substituted aryl, aryloxy, hetaryl, substituted hetaryl, aralkyl, heteroaralkyl, alkyl alkenyl, alkyl alkynyl, alkyl cycloalkyl, alkyl cycloheteroalkyl, or cyano having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and preferably from 2 to 6 carbon atoms. Furthermore, when Y is carbonyl, R′₄ does not exist in the composition. R₄″ and R₅″ may be a single oxygen atom and R₄′″ and R₅′″ may be a single oxygen atom. R₄ and R₅ are preferably the same or different substituted lower alkyl having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms including —CH₂CH₂OH and —CH₂CH(CH₃)OH.

There are some limitations to the scope of R₁, R₁′, R₂ and R₃. When R₃ is 2-hydroxyethylamino and R₂ is methyl, R₁′—X cannot be amino, 3-methyl-2-butenylamino, benzylamino, or m-hydroxybenzyl-amino. When R₃ is 2-hydroxyethylamino and R₂ is isopropyl, R₁′—X cannot be benzylamino, m-hydroxybenzylamino, or 3-methylbutylamino. When R₃ is 2-hydroxyethylamino and R₂ is 2-hydroxyethyl, R₁′—X cannot be benzylamino. When R₃ is 2-propanol-2-methylamino or 2-dimethylaminoethylamino and R₂ is methyl, R₁′—X cannot be benzylamino.

The following are definitions for certain terms used herein.

“Halogen” refers to fluorine, bromine, chlorine, and iodine atoms.

“Hydroxyl” refers to the group —OH.

“Thiol” or “mercapto” refers to the group —SH.

“Lower alkyl” refers to a cyclic, branched or straight chain, alkyl group of one to ten carbon atoms. This term is further exemplified by such groups as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, i-butyl (or 2-methylpropyl), cyclopropylmethyl, i-amyl, n-amyl, hexyl and the like.

“Substituted lower alkyl” refers to lower alkyl as just described including one or more groups such as hydroxyl, thiol, alkylthiol, halogen, alkoxy, amino, amido, carboxyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heterocycle, cycloheteroalkyl, substituted cycloheteroalkyl, acyl, carboxyl, aryl, substituted aryl, aryloxy, hetaryl, substituted hetaryl, aralkyl, heteroaralkyl, alkyl alkenyl, alkyl alkynyl, alkyl cycloalkyl, alkyl cycloheteroalkyl, cyano. These groups may be attached to any carbon atom of the lower alkyl moiety.

“Alkyl alkenyl” refers to a group —R—CR′═CR′″R″″, where R is lower alkyl, or substituted lower alkyl, R′, R′″, R″″ may independently be hydrogen, halogen, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, acyl, aryl, substituted aryl, hetaryl, or substituted hetaryl as defined below.

“Alkyl alkynyl” refers to a groups —RC≡CR′ where R is lower alkyl or substituted lower alkyl, R′ is hydrogen, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, acyl, aryl, substituted aryl, hetaryl, or substituted hetaryl as defined below.

“Alkoxy” denotes the group —OR, where R is lower alky, substituted lower alkyl, acyl, aryl, substituted aryl, aralkyl, substituted aralkyl, heteroalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, or substituted cycloheteroalkyl as defined.

“Alkylthio” denotes the group —SR, —S(O)_(n=1-2)—R, where R is lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, aralkyl or substituted aralkyl as defined herein.

“Acyl” denotes groups —C(O)R, where R is hydrogen, lower alkyl substituted lower alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl and the like as defined herein.

“Aryloxy” denotes groups —OAr, where Ar is an aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, or substituted heteroaryl group as defined herein.

“Amino” denotes the group NRR′, where R and R′ may independently by hydrogen, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, hetaryl, or substituted hetaryl as defined herein or acyl.

“Amido” denotes the group —C(O)NRR′, where R and R′ may independently by hydrogen, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, hetaryl, substituted hetaryl as defined herein.

“Carboxyl” denotes the group —C(O)OR, where R is hydrogen, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, hetaryl, and substituted hetaryl as defined herein.

“Aryl” or “Ar” refers to an aromatic carbocyclic group having at least one aromatic ring (e.g., phenyl or biphenyl) or multiple condensed rings in which at least one ring is aromatic, (e.g., 1,2,3,4-tetydronaphthyl, naphtlyl, anthryl, or phenanthryl).

“Substituted aryl” refers to aryl optionally substituted with one or more functional groups, e.g., halogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, alkylthio, acetylene, amino, amido, carboxyl, hydroxyl, aryl, aryloxy, heterocycle, hetaryl, substituted hetaryl, nitro, cyano, thiol, sulfamido and the like.

“Heterocycle” refers to a saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic carbocyclic group having a single ring (e.g., morpholino, pyridyl or furyl) or multiple condensed rings (e.g., naphthpyridyl, quinoxalyl, quinolinyl, indolizinyl or benzo[b]thienyl) and having at least one hetero atom, such as N, O or S, within the ring, which can optionally be unsubstituted or substituted with, e.g., halogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, alkylthio, acetylene, amino, amido, carboxyl, hydroxyl, aryl, aryloxy, heterocycle, hetaryl, substituted hetaryl, nitro, cyano, thiol, sulfamido and the like.

“Heteroaryl” or “hetar” refers to a heterocycle in which at least one heterocyclic ring is aromatic.

“Substituted heteroaryl” refers to a heterocycle optionally mono or poly substituted with one or more functional groups, e.g., halogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, alkylthio, acetylene, amino, amido, carboxyl, hydroxyl, aryl, aryloxy, heterocycle, substituted heterocycle, hetaryl, substituted hetaryl, nitro, cyano, thiol, sulfamido and the like.

“Aralkyl” refers to the group —R—Ar where Ar is an aryl group and R is lower alkyl or substituted lower alkyl group. Aryl groups can optionally be unsubstituted or substituted with, e.g., halogen, lower alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, acetylene, amino, amido, carboxyl, hydroxyl, aryl, aryloxy, heterocycle, substituted heterocycle, hetaryl, substituted hetaryl, nitro, cyano, thiol, sulfamido and the like.

“Heteroalkyl” refers to the group —R-Het where Het is a heterocycle group and R is a lower alkyl group. Heteroalkyl groups can optionally be unsubstituted or substituted with e.g., halogen, lower alky, lower alkoxy, alkylthio, acetylene, amino, amido, carboxyl, aryl, aryloxy, heterocycle, substituted heterocycle, hetaryl, substituted hetaryl, nitro, cyano, thiol, sulfamido and the like.

“Heteroarylalkyl” refers to the group —R-HetAr where HetAr is an heteroaryl group and R lower alkyl or substituted lower alkyl. Heteroarylalkyl groups can optionally be unsubstituted or substituted with, e.g., halogen, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, acetylene, aryl, aryloxy, heterocycle, substituted heterocycle, hetaryl, substituted hetaryl, nitro, cyano, thiol, sulfamido and the like.

“Cycloalkyl” refers to a divalent cyclic or polycyclic alkyl group containing 3 to 15carbon atoms.

“Substituted cycloalkyl” refers to a cycloalkyl group comprising one or more substituents with, e.g., halogen, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, acetylene, aryl, aryloxy, heterocycle, substituted heterocycle, hetaryl, substituted hetaryl, nitro, cyano, thiol, sulfamido and the like.

“Cycloheteroalkyl” refers to a cycloalkyl group wherein one or more of the ring carbon atoms is replaced with a heteroatom (e.g., N, O, S or P).

“Substituted cycloheteroalkyl” refers to a cycloheteroalkyl group as herein defined which contains one or more substituents, such as halogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, alkylthio, acetylene, amino, amido, carboxyl, hydroxyl, aryl, aryloxy, heterocycle, substituted heterocycle, hetaryl, substituted hetaryl, nitro, cyano, thiol, sulfamido and the like.

“Alkyl cycloalkyl” denotes the group —R-cycloalkyl where cycloalkyl is a cycloalkyl group and R is a lower alkyl or substituted lower alkyl. Cycloalkyl groups can optionally be unsubstituted or substituted with e.g. halogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, alkylthio, acetylene, amino, amido, carboxyl, hydroxyl, aryl, aryloxy, heterocycle, substituted heterocycle, hetaryl, substituted hetaryl, nitro, cyano, thiol, sulfamido and the like.

“Alkyl cycloheteroalkyl” denotes the group —R-cycloheteroalkyl where R is a lower alkyl or substituted lower alkyl. Cycloheteroalkyl groups can optionally be unsubstituted or substituted with e.g. halogen, lower alkyl lower alkoxy, alkylthio, amino, amido, carboxyl, acetylene, hydroxyl, aryl, aryloxy, heterocycle, substituted heterocycle, hetaryl, substituted hetaryl, nitro, cyano, thiol, sulfamido and the like.

If the final 2,6,9-trisubstituted purine compound of this invention contains a basic group, then an acid addition salt of the composition may be prepared. Acid addition salts of the compounds of this invention are prepared in a standard manner in a suitable solvent from the parent compound and an excess of acid, such as, but not limited to, hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, phosphoric, acetic, maleic, succinic, or methanesulfonic. The hydrochloric salt form is especially useful.

If the final 2,6,9-trisubstituted purine compound contains an acidic group, then cationic salts of the composition may be prepared. Typically the acidic parent compound is treated with an excess of an alkaline reagent, such as, but not limited to, hydroxide, carbonate or alkoxide, containing the appropriate cation such as but not limited to, Na⁺, K⁺, Ca⁺ ₂ and NH4⁺. Certain of the compounds form inner salts or zwitterions which are also acceptable.

The compounds of this invention are useful in inhibiting cell proliferation in mammals including humans. The 2,6,9-trisubstituted purines are useful in for example in treating autoimmune diseases, e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, type I diabetes, multiple sclerosis, etc., in treating cancer, cardiovascular disease such as restenosis, host vs graft disease, gout, polycystic kidney disease and other proliferative diseases whose pathogenesis involves abnormal cell proliferation.

The method of treatment comprises the administration parenterally, and orally, of an effective quantity of the chosen compound of this invention, preferably dispersed in a pharmaceutical carrier. Therapeutically useful amounts of the composition of this invention will generally range from about 0.01 to about 100 mg/kg, but will be readily determined by one skilled in the art depending upon the route of administration, and the age and condition of the patient. Therapeutically useful amounts of the composition of this invention may be administered from one to ten times daily or more for acute or chronic disease. No unacceptable toxicological effects are expected when compounds of the invention are administered in accordance with the present invention.

The compounds of this invention are also useful as antiinflammatory and antifungal agents. As such, the compositions of this invention are useful for treating antiinflammatory and fungal infections in humans, animals, and fungal infections in plants.

Pharmaceutical compositions including the compounds of this invention, and/or derivatives thereof, may be formulated as solutions or lyophilized powders for parenteral administration. Powders may be reconstituted by addition of a suitable diluent or other pharmaceutically acceptable carrier prior to use. If used in liquid form the compositions of this invention are preferably incorporated into a buffered, isotonic, aqueous solution. Examples of suitable diluents are normal isotonic saline solution, standard 5% dextrose in water and buffered sodium or ammonium acetate solution. Such liquid formulations are suitable for parenteral administration, but may also be used for oral administration.

It may be desirable to add excipients such as polyvinylpyrrolidinone, gelatin, hydroxycellulose, acaia, polyethylene glycol, mannitol, sodium chloride, sodium citrate or any other excipient known to one of skill in the art to pharmaceutical compositions including compounds of this invention. Alternatively, the pharmaceutical compounds may be encapsulated, tableted or prepared in an emulsion or syrup for oral administration. Pharmaceutically acceptable solid or liquid carriers may be added to enhance or stabilize the composition, or to facilitate preparation of the composition. Liquid carriers include, but are not limited to syrup, peanut oil, olive oil, glycerin, saline, alcohols and water. Solid carriers include, but are not limited to, starch, lactose, calcium sulfate, dihydrate, teffa alba, magnesium stearate or stearic acid, talc, pectin, acacia, agar or gelatin. The carrier may also include a sustained release material such as, but not limited to, glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate, alone or with a wax. The amount of solid carrier varies but, preferably, will be between about 20 mg to about 1 gram per dosage unit.

The pharmaceutical dosages are made using conventional techniques such as, but not limited to, milling, mixing, granulation, and compressing, when necessary, for tablet forms; or milling, mixing and filling for hard gelatin capsule forms. When a liquid carrier is used, the preparation will be in the form of a syrup, elixir, emulsion or an aqueous or non-aqueous suspension. Such a liquid formulation may be administered directly or filled into a soft gelatin capsule.

The Examples which follow serve to illustrate this invention. The Examples are intended to in no way limit the scope of this invention, but are provided to show how to make and use the compounds of this invention. In the Examples, all temperatures are in degrees Centigrade. RT indicates room temperature.

EXAMPLE 1

The compounds of this invention are prepared by conventional methods of organic chemistry. The reaction sequence outlined in the synthesis scheme below is a general method useful for the synthesis of compounds of this invention. 2,6-dichloropurine is dissolved in butanol and the appropriate R₁ amine is added. After heating for several hours, the reaction mixture is cooled, and the compound 1 is obtained. To compound 1, is added, sodium hydride followed by R₂, and compound 2 is isolated. To compound 2, R₃ is added in solution with N-methylpyrrolidinone. The mixture is heated for an appropriate period followed by

purification leading to the desired compound.

The following compound was prepared according to the method above.

Preparation of 2-chloro-6-(4-methoxybenzylamino)purine (1).

The 2,6-dichloropurine (4.06 g, 21.5 mmol) was suspended in n-butanol (150 ml) and the 4-methoxybenzylamine was added (3.4 ml, 26 mmol). The solution turned clear and then cloudy a few minutes later. The solution was heated at 120° C. for 2 hr and then cooled. The n-butanol was evaporated followed by suspension of the residue in water and diethyl ether mixture. A solution of 2N NaOH (1.3 ml, 26 mmol) was added and the solution stirred for 10 min before filtration. The filtered precipitate was washed with water and a small portion of ether and then dried under vacuum. The residual liquor was left overnight and more crystals were collected the next day and washed with diethyl ether. Yield=71%.

Preparation of 2-chloro-6-(4-methoxybenzylamino)-9-isopropylpurine (2) 2-chloro-6-(4-methoxybenzylamino)purine was suspended in dry DMF (5 ml) and treated with sodium hydride, 60% dispersion (82 mg, 2.06 mmol). The suspension was stirred for 30 min over which time it became a clear yellow/green solution. 2-Iodopropane (0.280 mL, 1.7 eq.) was added over 5 min and the resultant solution stirred for 2 days. Water was added and the solution and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was evaporated to give the product isopropyl purine (Yield=508 mg, 89%).

Preparation of 2-diethanolamino-6-(4-methoxybenzylamino)-9-isopropylpurine, (3).

The purine (1.65 g, 4.98 mmol) was dissolved in DMSO (12 mL) and diethanolamine (4 mL) and then heated at 140° C. for 2-3 days and then at 160° C. for 1 day. The solution was cooled and water saturated butanol was added (100 mL). The solution was then washed with water (3×50 mL), before being evaporated to give a brown oil. The residue was chromatographed over silica gel eluting with ethyl acetate, followed by 3% methanol in ethyl acetate to give the product (Yield=730 mg, 37%) as a pale yellow oil. Yield=37%.

¹H-NMR(δ CDCl3): 7.29 (br s 1H), 7.25 (d, 2H), 6.94 (br s, 1H), 6.83 (d, 2H), 5.43 (br s, <2H), 4.63 (br s, 2H), 4.53 (m 1H), 3.86 (t, 4H), 3.76 (m, 7H), 1.47 (d 6H).

Table 1 identifies compounds of this invention that were prepared according to the synthesis method set forth in this Example.

TABLE 1 Compounds Prepared By The Method of Example 1 R₁′—X R₂ R₃ 4-methoxybenzylamino 3-cyanopropyl Cl 4-methoxybenzylamino 3-chloropropyl Cl 4-methoxybenzylamino benzyl Cl 4-methoxybenzylamino Methyl Cl 4-carboxybenzyl 4-methoxybenzylamino N-phthaloylethyl Cl 4-methoxybenzylamino isopropyl ethanolamino 4-methoxybenzylamino isopropyl Diethanolamino 4-methoxybenzylamino 3-methylbutyl Cl 4-methoxybenzylamino 2-methylpropyl Cl 4-methoxybenzylamino cyclopentyl Cl 4-methoxybenzylamino 3-nitrobenzyl Cl 4-methoxybenzylamino 4-nitrobenzyl Cl 4-methoxybenzylamino ethyl Cl 4-methoxybenzylamino propyl Cl 4-methoxybenzylamino 3-methylbenzyl Cl 4-methoxybenzylamino 4-methylbenzyl Cl Heptylamino H Cl N-benzyl-N-hydroxylamino H Cl Propylamino H Cl Noradamantylamino H Cl Cyclobutylamino H Cl 3-methoxypropylamino H Cl 2-methoxyethylamino H Cl Cyclopentylamino H Cl 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2- H Cl propylamino (N-1-benzylpiperidinyl)- H Cl 4-amino Heptylamino Me Cl N-benzyl-N-hydroxylamino Me Cl Propylamino Me Cl Noradamantylamino Me Cl Cyclobutylamino Me Cl 3-methoxypropylamino Me Cl 2-methoxyethylamino Me Cl Cyclopentylamino Me Cl 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2- Me Cl propylamino (N-1-benzylpiperidinyl-4- Me Cl amino (2,4-dimethoxyphenyl) Me Cl (2-methoxyphenyl) H Cl methylamino (2-pryidinyl)methylamino H Cl (3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) H Cl ethylamino (3-pyridinyl)methylamino H Cl (4-pyridinyl)methylamino H Cl 6-hydroxy-1-hexylamino H Cl Phenethylamino H Cl (2-benzothiazolyl)amino H Cl (2,4-dimethoxyphenyl) H Cl methyalmino 2-methoxybenzylamino Me Cl (2-pyridinyl)methylamino Me Cl 3,4- Me Cl dimethoxyphenethylamino 4-methoxybenzylamino Me Cl (3-pyridinyl)methylamino isopropyl 2-aminoethylamino (4-pyridinyl)methylamino H Cl 1-hydroxy-6-hexylamino H Cl Phenethylamino H Cl 2-aminobenzothiazole H Cl 4-methoxybenzylamino H Cl 3-phenyl-1-propylamino isopropyl 3-hydroxypy- rrolidino (2-indanyl)amino H Cl 4-methoxyphenethylamino H Cl 4-nitrobenzylamino H Cl 2,6-difluorobenzylamino H Cl 3-phenyl-1-propylamine H Cl 2-aminoindane Me Cl 4-methoxyphenethylamino Me Cl 4-nitrobenzylamino Me Cl 2,6-difluorobenzylamino Me Cl Cyclopropylmethylamino Me Cl Piperonylamine H Cl (4-aminosulfonylphenyl) H Cl methylamino (Cyclohexanol)- H Cl 1-methylamino (2-benzimidazoly) H Cl methylamino Cyclohexanmethanamino H Cl 4-methoxybenzylamino H Cl 4-methoxybenzylamino isopropyl (2-hydroxy-1- hydroxymethyl) ethylamino Cyclopropylmethylamino isopropyl 3-amino-2- hydroxypropy- lamino piperonylamino Me Cl (4-aminosulfonyl- Me CI phenyl)methylamino (Cyclohexanol)-1- Me Cl methylamino (2-benzimidazolyl) Me Cl methylamino Cyclohexylmethylamino Me Cl (3-pyridinyl)methylamino Me Cl (4-pyridinyl)methylamino 2-methylpropyl Cl 6-hydroxyhexylamino cyclopentyl Cl phenethylamino propyl Cl (2-benzothiazolyl)amino ethyl Cl 3-phenyl-1-propylamino isopropyl Cl 2-aminoindane 2-methylpropyl Cl 4-methoxyphenethylamino cyclopentyl Cl 4-nitrobenzylamino propyl Cl 2,6-difluorobenzylamino ethyl Cl 4-methoxybenzylamino isopropyl Cl 3-phenyl-1-propylamino isopropyl 4-hydroxypiperidino (2-indanyl)amino H Cl 2-(4-methoxyphenyl) H Cl ethylamino 4-nitrobenzylamino H Cl 2,6-difluorobenzylamino H Cl 4-methoxybenzylamino H Cl 4-methoxybenzylamino isopropyl N-(2-cyanoethyl)-N- benzylamino 3-phenyl-1-propylamino isopropyl 1-(R/S)- hydroxymethyl-3- methylbutylamino (2-indanyl)amino isopropyl Cl 2-(4-Methoxyphenyl) isopropyl Cl ethylamino 4-nitrobenzylamino isopropyl Cl 2,6-difluorobenzylamino isopropyl Cl 4-methoxybenzylamino isopropyl Cl 4-methoxybenzylamino isopropyl Piperidino 4-methoxybenzylamino isopropyl 3-hydroxypiperidino 3-phenyl-1-propylamino isopropyl 1-(S)- hydroxymethyl-2- (4′-imidazolyl) ethylamino (2-indanyl)amino isopropyl Diethanolamino 4-methoxybenzylamino isopropyl Diethanolamino 4-methoxybenzylamino isopropyl 2-(S)- hydroxymethyl- pyrrolidino 4-methoxybenzylamino benzyl Morpholino 4-methoxybenzylamino isopropyl Diethanolamino 4-methoxybenzylamino 3-methylbutyl Diethanolamino 4-methoxybenzylamino 2-methylpropyl Diethanolamino 4-methoxybenzylamino cyclopentyl Diethanolamino 4-methoxybenzylamino 3-nitrobenzyl Diethanolamino 4-methoxybenzylamino 4-nitrobenzyl Diethanolamino 4-methoxybenzylamino ethyl Diethanolamino 4-methoxybenzylamino propyl Diethanolamino 4-methoxybenzylamino 3-methylbenzyl Diethanolamino heptylamino 4-methylbenzyl Diethanolamino N-benzyl-N-hydroxyamino Me Diethanolamino propylamino Me Diethanolamino noradamantylamino Me Diethanolamino cyclobutylamino Me Diethanolamino 3-methoxypropylamino Me Diethanolamino 2-methoxyethylamino Me Diethanolamino cyclopentylamino Me Diethanolamino 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2- Me Diethanolamino propylamino 4-(1-benzylpiperidinyl)amino Me Diethanolamino 4-methoxybenzylamino Me Diethanolamino 4-methoxybenzylamino isopropyl 3-hydroxypy- rrolidino 2,4dimethoxybenzylamino isopropyl 2-(3′-indolyl) ethylamino 2-methoxybenzylamino Me Diethanolamino (2-pyridinyl)methylamino Me Diethanolamino 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) Me Diethanolamino ethylamino (3-pyridinyl)methylamino Me Diethanolamino (4-pyridinyl)methylamino Me Diethanolamino 6-hydroxy-1-hexylamino Me Diethanolamino phenethylamino Me Diethanolamino (2-benzothiazolyl)amino Me Diethanolamino 3-phenyl-1-propylamino Me Diethanolamino (2-indanyl)amino Me Diethanolamino 4-methoxyphenethylamino Me Diethanolamino 4-nitrobenzylamino Me Diethanolamino 2,6-difluorobenzylamino Me Diethanolamino Cyclopropylmethylamino Me Diethanolamino Piperonylamino Me Diethanolamino (4-aminosulfonylphenyl)- Me Diethanolamino methylamino (Cyclohexanol-1-methylamino Me Diethanolamino (2-benzimidazolyl) Me Diethanolamino methylamino Cyclohexanmethanamino Me Diethanolamino (3-pyridyl)methylamino Me Diethanolamino (4-pyridyl)methylamino 2-methylpropyl Diethanolamino 6-hydroxy-1-hexylamino cyclopentyl Diethanolamino Phenethylamino propyl Diethanolamino (2-benzothiazolyl)amino ethyl Diethanolamino 3-phenyl-1-propylamino isopropyl Diethanolamino (2-indanyl)amino 2-methylpropyl Diethanolamino 4-methoxyphenethylamino cyclopentyl Diethanolamino 4-nitrobenzylamino propyl Diethanolamino 2,6-difluorobenzylamino ethyl Diethanolamino 4-methoxybenzylamino isopropyl Diethanolamino 4-methoxybenzylamino isopropyl 1-hydroxymethyl cyclopentylamino 4-methoxybenzylamino isopropyl 2-(R,S)- hydroxymethyl- piperidino Cyclopropyl isopropyl 2,3-dihydroxy-1- propylamino Piperonylamino isopropyl Cl (4-aminosulfonylphenyl) isopropyl Cl methylamino Cyclohexanolmethylamino isopropyl Cl (2-benzimidazolyl)amino isopropyl Cl Cyclohexylmethylamino isopropyl Cl 3-phenyl-1-propylamino isopropyl Cl Cyclopropylmethylamino cyclopentyl Cl piperonylamino isopropyl Diethanolamino 4-methoxybenzylamino isopropyl Diethanolamino 4-methoxybenzylamino isopropyl Disopropylamino 4-methoxybenzylamino isopropyl (Trans-2- hydroxycyclo- hexyl)amino 4-methoxybenzylamino isopropyl 2(R)-(1-hydroxy-3- phenyl)propylamino 4-methoxybenzylamino isopropyl 5-(S)-(2,2- dimethyl-4-(s)- phenyldioxa- lanyl)amino 4-methoxybenzylamino isopropyl 3-(N-1- imidazolyl) propylamino 4-methoxybenzylamino isopropyl 4-hydroxyl-4- phenylpiperidino 4-methoxybenzylamino isopropyl (2-benzylthio-1- hydroxymethyl) ethylamino 4-methoxybenzylamino isopropyl N-methyl-N- (2-hydroxy-2- (3,4-dihydroxy- phenyl) ethyl)amino 4-methoxybenzylamino isopropyl Diallylamino 4-methoxybenzylamino isopropyl Piperazino 4-methoxybenzylamino isopropyl (+/−) N-methyl-N-(2- hydroxy-2- phenylethyl)amino 4-methoxybenzylamino isopropyl (S)-(+)-2- (anilinomethyl) pyrrolidino 4-methoxybenzylamino isopropyl (+/−)N- (2-propenyl)-N-2- (4-hydroxy-2- methylpentyl)amino 4-methoxybenzylamino isopropyl N-(2-hydroxyethyl)- N-(3-hydroxy- propyl)amino 4-methoxybenzylamino isopropyl Di-N-1-(2-hydroxy- 2-methylpentyl) amino 4-methoxybenzylamino isopropyl Di-N-2-(3- hydroxybutyl)amino 4-methoxybenzylamino Me ethanolamino 4-chlorobenzyloxy H Cl 4-chlorobenzyloxy Me Cl 4-chlorobenzylamino Trifluoromethyl Cl 4-methoxybenzylamino Trifluoromethyl Cl 4-methoxybenzylamino benzyl Cl 4-methoxybenzylamino isopropyl 2-aminoethylamino 4-methoxybenzylamino 2-O-TBDMS-ethyl diethanolamino 4-methoxybenzylamino perfluoroisopropyl Cl 4-methoxybenzylamino perfluoroisopropyl diethanolamino 4-methoxybenzylamino 2-hydroxyethyl diethanolamino 4-methoxybenzylamino isopropyl 1,3-diamino-2- hydroxpropane 4-methoxybenzylamino isopropyl N-(4-hydroxy- piperidino) 4-methoxybenzylamino isopropyl N-pyrrolidino 3-phenylpropylamino H Cl 2-aminoindanyl H Cl 2-(4-methoxyphenyl) H Cl ethylamino 4-nitrobenzylamino H Cl 2,6-difluorobenzylamino H Cl 4-methoxybenzylamino isopropyl N-(2-cyanopropyl)- N-(3-pyridyl- methyl)-amino 4-methoxybenzylamino isopropyl 2-(hydroxymethyl)- 3-methylbutan- 2-amino 3-phenylpropylamino isopropyl Cl 2-aminoindanyl isopropyl Cl 2-(4-methoxyphenyl) isopropyl Cl ethylamino 4-nitrobenzylamino isopropyl Cl 2,6,difluorobenzylamino isopropyl Cl 4-methoxybenzylamino isopropyl 2-(5-imidazole- methyl) ethanolamino 3-phenylpropylamino isopropyl diethanolamino 4-methoxybenzylamino isopropyl N-(3-hydroxpyrro- lidino) 4-methoxybenzylamino isopropyl 2-(3-indole)ethyla- mino 4-methoxybenzylamino isopropyl 2,3-dihydroxypropy- lamino 3-phenylpropylamino cyclopentyl Cl 4-methoxybenzylamino isopropyl N-benzyl-N-2- hydroxyethylamino 4-methoxybenzylamino oleyl Cl 4-methoxybenzylamino 2-naphthylmethyl Cl 4-methoxybenzylamino 4-phenylbenzyl Cl 4-methoxybenzylamino 1-naphthylmethyl Cl 4-methoxybenzylamino 4-methylstilbene Cl 4-methoxybenzylamino epoxymethyl Cl 4-methoxybenzylamino 2,3-dihydroxpropyl diethanolamino 4-methoxybenzylamino 4-phenylbenzyl diethanolamino 4-methoxybenzylamino 2-phenylbenzyl diethanolamino 4-methoxybenzylamino 2-naphthylmethyl diethanolamino 4-methoxybenzylamino 1-naphthylmethyl diethanolamino 4-methoxybenzylamino 4-methylstilbene diethanolamino 4-methoxybenzylamino oleyl diethanolamino 4-phenylbenzylamino isopropyl 3-amino-1,2- propanediol 4-phenylbenzylamino isopropyl hexanolamino 4-phenylbenzylamino isopropyl bis(methoxyethyl)- amino 4-phenylbenzylamino isopropyl furfurylamino 4-phenylbenzylamino isopropyl diethylamino 4-phenylbenzylamino isopropyl ethanolamino 4-phenylbenzylamino isopropyl morpholino 4-phenylbenzylamino isopropyl 2,4-dimethoxy- benzylamino 4-phenylbenzylamino isopropyl 4- trifluoromethoxy- benzylamino 4-phenylbenzylamino isopropyl diisopropanolamino 4-phenylbenzylamino isopropyl 2-amino-1,3- propanediol 4-phenylbenzylamino isopropyl diallyl amino 4-bromobenzylamino isopropyl Cl 4-bromoanilino isopropyl Cl 4-bromobenzylamino isopropyl diethanolamino 4-bromoanilino isopropyl diethanolamino N-methyl-4- isopropyl Cl phenylbenzylamino 4-phenylanilino isopropyl diispropanolamino N-methyl-4- isopropyl diethanolamino phenylbenzylamino benzylamino ethyl ethanolamino 4-methylbenzylamino methyl ethanolamino 4-ethylbenzylamino methyl ethanolamino 4-bromanilino isopropyl 4-bromoanilino

EXAMPLE 2

This Example describes a method for preparing compounds of this invention. The synthesis method disclosed in this Example is only slightly modified from that disclosed in Example 1.

The following compound was prepared according to the method above.

Preparation of 2,6-dichloro-9-isopropylpurine (4).

To a solution of 0.67 g of 2,6-dichloropurine in 5 mL of dry DMF at room temperature was added 0.16 gms (1.1 eq.) of 50% sodium hydride/oil powder. Upon cessation of hydrogen evolution, a large excess (2 mL) of isopropyl iodide was added to the anionic solution. This reaction solution was stirred for three days at ambient temperature. The reaction was quenched with 30 mL of water and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×50 mL). The organic extracts were combined and back washed with 3×50 mL of water followed by 20 mL of brine. The ethyl acetate solution was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and evaporated. The compound was subjected to variable gradient flash chromatography on silica gel with hexane/ethyl acetate mixtures and yielded 0.37 gms of desired N-9 product (45%) and 0.08 gms of the N-7 isomer(10%).

Preparation of 2-chloro-6-anilino-9-isopropylpurine (5).

2,6-dichloro-9-isopropylpurine (0.019 g, 0.081 mmol) was dissolved in butanol (0.5 ml) and aniline (0.044 ml, 0.244 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was heated to 120° C. for 10 hr, cooled, diluted with EtOAc and washed 3 times with water. The mixture was dried over MgSO₄ and concentrated to an off white solid.

Preparation of 2-diethanolamino-6-(4-phenylanilino)-9-isopropylpurine (6).

A solution of 67 mgs of 2,6-dichloro-N-9-isopropylpurine and 100 mgs of 4-phenylaniline in 1 mL of n-octanol was heated to 80° C. for 24 hours. The n-octanol was removed in vacuo and then replaced with 1 mL of 40% diethanolamine in DMSO. The solution was heated at 130° C. for 48 hours. The reaction was cooled to ambient temperature then diluted with 10 mL of water and subsequently extracted with ethyl acetate (3×30 mL). The organic extracts were combined and back washed with 3×20 mL of water followed by 10 mL of brine. The ethyl acetate solution was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and filtered and the solvent was evaporated. The 65 mgs of crude product was crystallized from THF-ether solution to yield 28 mgs of pure product(23%).

Table 2 below identifies compounds of this invention that were prepared according to the general synthesis method set forth in this Example.

TABLE 2 Compounds Prepared By The Method Of Example 2 R₁′—X R₂ R₃ (8-quinolinyl)amino isopropyl Cl (6-quinolinyl)amino isopropyl Cl (3-quinolinyl)amino isopropyl Cl anilino isopropyl Cl 3,5-dinitroanilino isopropyl Cl 4-butylanilino isopropyl Cl (8-quinolinyl)amino isopropyl Diethanolamino (6-quinolinyl)amino isopropyl Diethanolamino (3-quinolinyl)amino isopropyl Diethanolamino anilino isopropyl Diethanolamino 3,5-dinitroanilino isopropyl Diethanolamino 4-butylanilino isopropyl Diethanolamino (6-ethoxy-2-benzothiazolyl)amino isopropyl Cl 4-morpholino-2-methylamino isopropyl Cl (4-aminosulfonyl-phenyl) isopropyl Cl methylamino 4-bromoanilino isopropyl Diethanolamino 3,4-dichloroanilino isopropyl Diethanolamino 2-(2-(1-methyl)pyrrolidinyl) isopropyl Diethanolamino ethylamino 3-bromoanilino isopropyl Cl 4-methoxyanilino isopropyl Diethanolamino 4-iodoanilino isopropyl Cl 3-iodoanilino isopropyl Cl 3-methoxyanilino isopropyl Cl 2-(1-piperidinyl)ethylamino isopropyl Diethanolamino 2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)ethylamino isopropyl Diethanolamino (1-indanyl)amino isopropyl Diethanolamino 2-(6-ethoxybenzothiazolyl)amino isopropyl Diethanolamino 4-morpholino-2-methylamino isopropyl Diethanolamino (4-aminosulfonyl-phenyl) isopropyl Diethanolamino methylamino 4-bromoanilino isopropyl Diethanolamino 3,4-dichloroanilino isopropyl Diethanolamino 2-(2-(1-methyl)pyrrolidinyl) isopropyl Diethanolamino ethylamino 3-bromoanilino isopropyl Diethanolamino 4-methoxyanilino isopropyl Diethanolamino 4-iodoanilino isopropyl Diethanolamino 3-iodoanilino isopropyl Diethanolamino 3-methoxyanilino isopropyl Diethanolamino 2-(1-piperidinyl)ethylamino isopropyl Diethanolamino 2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)ethylamino isopropyl Diethanolamino (1-indanyl)amino isopropyl Diethanolamino 3-phenoxyanilino isopropyl Diethanolamino 4-phenoxyanilino isopropyl Diethanolamino 2-fluorenylamino isopropyl Diethanolamino 1-fluorenylamino isopropyl Diethanolamino 2-anthracenylamino isopropyl Diethanolamino 1-anthracenylamino isopropyl Diethanolamino 2-(6-ethoxybenzothiazole)amino isopropyl Diethanolamino 2-phenylbenzylamino isopropyl Diethanolamino 4-phenylbenzylamino isopropyl Diethanolamino 2-naphthylmethylamino isopropyl Diethanolamino 1-naphthylmethylamino isopropyl Diethanolamino

EXAMPLE 3

This Example describes a method for preparing compounds of this invention. The synthesis method disclosed in this Example is only slightly modified from that disclosed in Example 1.

The following compound was prepared according to the method above.

Preparation of 2,6-dihloro-9-isopropylpurine (4).

The 2,6-dichloropurine (5.00 g, 26.46 mmol) was suspended in 55 ml of dry DMF at room temperature and treated with sodium hydride, 60% dispersion (1.27 g, 31.75 mmol) added in portions. After stirring for 1 hr, 2-iodopropane (4.5 ml, 44.98 mmol) was added and the reaction stirred for 2 days. The reaction was poured into diethyl ether and washed once with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and once with water. The mixture was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The concentrate was chromatographed over silica gel eluting with 10% acetone in dichloromethane solution to give the desired N-9 alkylation product as a white solid. Yield=47%.

Preparation of 2-chloro-6-(4-methylmercapto)anilino-9-isoproplypurine (5A).

2,6-Dichloro-9-isopropylpurine (0.15 g, 0.649 mmol) was dissolved in n-butanol (4 ml) and 4-(methylmercapato) aniline (0.089 ml, 0.714 mmol) and triethylamine (0.20 ml, 1.43 mmol) were added. The reaction mixture was heated at 80° overnight. The cooled reaction was diluted ethyl acetate and washed 1×1M HCI, 1× saturated sodium bicarbonate, and 1× brine before being dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed over silica gel and eluting with 2% methanol in dichloromethane to give the desired product as a white solid. Yield=83%.

Preparation of 2-diethanolamine-6-(4-methylmercapto)anilino-9-isopropylpurine (6A).

The purine (0.18 g, 539 mmol) was dissolved in N-methylyrrolidinone (3 ml) and diethanolamine (1 ml) and then heated at 120° C. overnight. The cooled reaction was poured into diethyl ether and washed three times with water before drying over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrating in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed over silica gel eluting with 5% methanol in dichloromethane to give the desired product as an off-white solid. Yield=82%. ¹H-NMR(δ, CDCl₃): 8.08 (s, 1H), 7.58 (d, 2H), 7.47 (s, 1H), 7.18 (d, 2H), 4.95 (br s, <2H), 4.52 (m, 1H), 3.94 (m, 4H), 3.83 (m,4H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 1.47 (d, 6H).

Preparation of 4-(2-thienyl)benzonitrile.

Some R₁′ groups must first be synthesized before reacting with the 2,6-dichloro-9-isopropylpurine. These groups can be synthesized through various coupling methods and other synthetic procedures known to those skilled in the art of organic synthesis.

To a pressure tube was added 4-bromobenzonitrile (0.20 g, 1.10 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium (0) (0.127 g, 0.1 eq) and 2-thiopheneboronic acid (0.211 g, 1.65 mmol). The reaction was flushed under vacuum and flushed with dry nitrogen three times. Following flushes, ethyleneglycol dimethyl ether (5.5 ml) and an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate (2.53 ml, 1M) were added to the tube. The tube was then sealed and heated at 80° C. overnight. The cooled reaction was the diluted with diethyl ether and washed twice with water before drying over sodium sulfate and concentrating in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed over silica gel eluting with 10% ethyl acetate in hexane to give the desired product as a white solid. Yield=84%.

Preparation of 4-(2-thienyl)benzylamine.

The 4-(2-thienyl)benzonitrile (0.086 g, 0.464 mmol) was dissolved in dry tetrahydrofuran (1.6 ml) before lithium aluminum hydride (0.46 ml, 0.464 mmol, 1 M in THF) was added dropwise. The reaction was allowed to stir at room temperature overnight. TLC (5% methanol in dichloromethane) still showed starting material remaining. Another 1 eq of LAH was added. After an additional hour, the reaction was quenched by the Fieser and Fieser method using wager (17.46 μl), aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (17.46 μl, 15% soln.), and water (52.37 μl) added sequentially to the reaction. The reaction was then diluted with diethyl ether and water and extracted twice with diethyl ether before drying over sodium sulfate and concentrating in vacuo. The residue was carried on crude without any further purification. Yield=89%.

Table 3 below identified compounds of this invention that were prepared according to the general synthesis method set forth in this Example.

TABLE 3 Compounds Prepared By The Method of Example 3 R₁′—X R2 R3 Cl Me Cl ethanolamino Me ethanolamino cyclopropylmethylamino isopropyl Cl cyclopropylmethylamino isopropyl diethanolamino 3,5-dinitroanilino isopropyl Cl 3-phenoxyanilino isopropyl Cl 4-iodoanilino isopropyl Cl 3-aminoquinolino isopropyl Cl 3,5-dinitroanilino isopropyl diethanolamino Cl epoxymethyl Cl 4-methoxybenzylamino 2,3-dihydroxypropyl diethanolamino 4-phenylanilino isopropyl diethanolamino 4-phenylbenzylamino isopropyl Cl 2-naphthalenylmethylamino isopropyl Cl 1-naphthalenylmethylamino isopropyl Cl 2-phenylbenzylamino isopropyl Cl 3-quinolinylamino isopropyl diethanolamino 5-quinolinylamino isopropyl diethanolamino 6-quinolinylamino isopropyl diethanolamino 8-quinolinylamino isopropyl diethanolamino n-butylamino isopropyl Cl 4-(2-thiophenyl)benzylamino isopropyl deithanolamino 4-(2-thiophenyl)benzylamino isopropyl Cl 3-thiomethoxyanilino isopropyl Cl 4-thiomethoxyanilino isopropyl Cl 3-thiomethorxyanilino isopropyl diethanoamino 4-thiomethoxyanilino isopropyl diethanoamino 4-(2-pyridinyl)benzylamino isopropyl Cl 3-methoxybenzylamino isopropyl Cl 3,4-dimethoxybenzylamino isopropyl Cl 3,4,5-trimethoxyenzylamino isopropyl Cl 3-methoxybenzylamino isopropyl diethanolamino 3,4-dimethoxybenzylamino isopropyl diethanolamino 3,4,5-trimethoxbenzylamino isopropyl diethanolamino 4-(3-thiophenyl)benzylamino isopropyl Cl 4-(4-methoxphenyl) isopropyl Cl benzylamino 4-(4-bromophenyl) isopropyl diethanolamino benzylamino 4-(3-methoxyphenyl) isopropyl diethanolamino benzylamino 4-(4-methoxypheny) isopropyl diethanolamino benzylamino 4-(3-thiophenyl) isopropyl diethanolamino benzylamino 4-(3-methylpheny) isopropyl Cl benzylamino 4-(4-methylphenyl) isopropyl Cl benzylamino 4-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl) isopropyl Cl benzylamino 3 -(4 nitrilophenyl)anilino isopropyl Cl 3-(4-nitrilophenyl)anilino isopropyl diethanolamino 4-(2-pyridinyl)benzylamino isopropyl Cl 4-(2-pryidinyl)benzylamino isopropyl diethanolamino

EXAMPLE 4

This Example describes a method for preparing compounds of this invention. The synthesis method disclosed in this Example is only slightly modified from that disclosed in Example 1.

The following compound was prepared according to the method above.

Preparation of 2-amino-6-chloro-9-methylpurine (7).

The 2-amino-6-chloropurine (1.08 g, 6.4 mmol) was suspended in dry DMF (75 ml) and treated with sodium hydride, 60% dispersion (0.28 g, 7 mmol). The suspension was stirred for 15 min before iodomethane (0.44 ml, 7.06 mmol) was added and the resulting yellow solution stirred for 1 hr 45 min. The solid was filtered and the filtrate evaporated before addition of water for 10 min. The resulting solid was filtered and dried overnight to give the product as a mixture of N-7 and N-9 alkylation products. The residual liquor was left overnight and more crystals were collected the next day and dried. Yield=77%.

Preparation of 6-chloro-2-(2-methoxyacetylamino)-9-methylpurine (8).

The mixture of isomers from above was dissolved in dichloromethane and pyridine (2eq) followed by treatment with methoxyacetyl chloride (4 eq). The reaction was stirred at room temperature until complete. The reaction was evaporated and filtered through a plug of silicia gel eluting with 2% methanol in dichloromethane followed by purification on a chomatotron using silica gel and eluting with 2% methanol in dichloromethane to isolate the desired product. Yield=31%.

Table 4 identifies compounds of this invention that were prepared according to the synthesis method set forth in this Example.

TABLE 4 Compounds Prepared By The Method of Example 4 R1 R2 R3 Cl Me H Cl Me 2-methoxyacetylamino

EXAMPLE 5

This Example describes a method for preparing compounds of this invention. The synthesis method disclosed in this Example is only slightly modified from that disclosed in Example 1.

The following compound was prepared according to the method above.

Preparation of 2-chloro-6-(4-phenyl benzylamino)purine (9).

The 2,6-dichloropurine (5.0 g, 26.45 mmol) was suspended in n-butanol (50 ml) and the 4-phenylbenzylamine (6.61 g, 29.1 mmol) and triethylamine (4.1 ml, 29.1 mmol) were added. The solution was heated at 120° C. overnight then cooled. Filtered off product using excess n-butanol and washed precipitate with 100 ml 1M HCl and 200 ml water. The solid was dried in vaccum over overnight at 70° C. to give the desired product as a pale yellow solid. Yield=99%.

Preparation of 2-diethanolamino-6-(4-phenyl benzylamino)purine (10).

The 2-chloro-6-(4-phenyl benzylamino)purine (2.0 g, 5.96 mmol) was added together with diethanolamine (11.4 ml, 119.2 mmol) and N-methylpyrrolidinone (10 ml) and heated at 120° C. overnight. The cooled reaction was poured into dichloromethane and washed twice with water. The organic layer was dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give the desired product as a pale green solid which was further dried in vacuum oven at 70° C. for 2 days.

Preparation of 2-diethanolaminio-6-(4-phenyl benzylamino)-9-methylpurine (11).

The 2-diethanolamino-6-(4-phenyl benzylamino)purine (0.050 g, 0.124 mmol) was dissolved in dry DMF and treated wit sodium hydride, 60% dispersion (5.5 mgs, 0.136 mmol) for 1 hr. iodomethane (0.009 ml, 0.148 mmol) was added and the resultant solution stirred at room temperature overnight. Poured reaction into diethyl ether and washed twice with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution before drying over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrating in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed over silica gel eluting with 5% methanol in dichloromethane to give the produce as a white solid. Yield=63%.

¹H-NMR(δ, CDCl₃): 7.55 (m, 4H), 7.41 (m, 4H) 7.35 (m, 4H), 6.41 (br s, <1H), 5.10 (br s, <2H), 4.72 (br s, 2H), 3.86 (m, 4H), 3.74 (m, 4H), 3.59 (s, 3H).

Table 5 identified compounds of this invention that were prepared according to the synthesis method set forth in this Example.

TABLE 5 Compounds Prepared By The Method of Example 5 R₁′—X R2 R3 4-phenylbenzylamino methyl diethanolamino 4-phenylbenzylamino cyclopentyl diethanolamino 4-phenylbenzylamino allyl diethanolamino 4-phenylbenzylamino benzyl diethanolamino 4-phenylbenzylamino 3-methylbutyl diethanolamino 4-phenylbenzylamino isobutyl diethanolamino 4-phenylbenzylamino t-butylacetate diethanolamino 4-phenylbenzylamino methylacetate diethanolamino 4-phenylbenzylamino cyclobutyl diethanolamino 4-phenylbenzylamino ethyl diethanolamino 4-phenylbenzylamino propyl diethanolamino

EXAMPLE 6 Composition of this Invention were Evaluated in the Following Assays

CDK2 Assays:

Compositions of this invention were assayed to determine their CDK2 inhibitory activity. The assay system (total volume of 50 μl) contained 50 mM Tris-Cl, pH 7.4, 10 mM MgCl₂, 5 mM DTT, 1 μg of histone H1, 30 μM ATP (1 μCi of gamma³²P labeled ATP), 10 μg of BSA and 1 ng of purified CDK2. After incubation at 30° C. for 30 min, the reaction was terminated by the addition of 10 μl of 10% TCA and the samples were blotted onto to nitrocellulose filters. These filters were washed extensively in 10% TCA and assayed for radioactivity. Blanks contained no enzyme. To ascertain the potency of various compounds of this invention, the compounds were added to the above assay at concentrations ranging from 100 to 0.02 μg/ml. After incubation at 30 min, the assay tubes were processed as above. In all assays, various concentrations of olomoucine were added and were used as a standard positive control. The IC₅₀ (enzyme) listed in Table 6 is defined as the concentration required to inhibit CDK2 activity by 50%.

EXAMPLE 7

Cell Proliferation Assays:

Early passage rat aortic smooth muscle cells (CV Therapeutics Cell repository) were seeded in 48 well dishes (Falcon, ml/well) at a density of 20,000 cells/ml of DME containing 5% heat inactivated bovine serum. The cells were incubated in a standard tissue culture incubator for 48 hr. The medium was aspirated and the wells were replenished with 0.2 ml of fresh medium. Compounds of this invention were added at concentrations ranging from 100 to 0.37 μg/ml. After 48 hr incubation, the medium was aspirated and the cultures were treated with 0.2 ml of saline 0.25 μl of phenozine methosulfate solution containing MTS (Cell Titer 96® Aqueous Non-radioactive cell proliferation assay kit, Catalog # G 5430, Promega, 2800 Woods Hollow Road, Madison, Wis. 53711-5399). The IC₅₀ cells listed in Table 6 is defined as the concentration required to inhibit cell proliferation by 50%. Olomoucine at various concentrations was added and was used as a standard positive control.

TABLE 6 Bioactivity of Selected Representatives of this Invention IC₅₀ (μg/mL) IC₅₀ (μg/mL) R₁′—X R2 R3 enzyme cells benzylamino Me ethanolamino 7 70 4-methoxybenzylamino H Cl 60 NA 4-methoxybenzylamino Me Cl 6 >70 4-methoxybenzylamino Me ethanolamino 4 48 4-chlorobenzyloxy H Cl 60 NA 4-chlorobenzyloxy Me Cl 60 NA 4-chlorobenzyloxy Trifluoromethyl Cl >60 NA 4-methoxybenzylamino isopropyl Cl 4 77 4-methoxybenzylamino Isopropyl ethanolamino 4 43 4-methoxybenzylamino Me diethanolamino 4 48 4-methoxybenzylamino 2-methylpropyl Cl 60 >70 ethanolamino Me ethanolamino >60 >70 4-methoxybenzylamino Trifluoromethyl Cl >60 >70 4-methoxybenzylamino Benzyl Cl >60 >70 ethanolamino H benzylamino >60 NA 4-methoxybenzylamino Isopropyl diethanolamino 0.2 2.1 4-methoxybenzylamino Perfluoroisopropyl Cl >45 NA 4-methoxybenzylamino Perfluoroisopropyl diethanolamino 40 NA 4-methoxybenzylamino Isopropyl 3-pyrroline 1 12.5 4-methoxybenzylamino Hydroxyethyl diethanolamino 0.5 62 4-methoxybenzylamino Isopropyl 2-hydroxy-1- 0.4 15 hydroymethyl- amino 4-methoxybenzylamino Isopropyl 3-amino-2- 0.6 25 hydroxypropyl amino 4-methoxybenzylamino 3-cyanopropyl Cl >60 NA 4-methoxybenzylamino 3-chloropropyl Cl >60 NA 4-methoxybenzylamino Benzyl Cl >60 NA 4-methoxybenzylamino Methyl 4- Cl >60 NA carboxybenzyl 4-methoxybenzylamino Naphthaloylethyl Cl >60 NA 4-chlorobenzylamino Trifluoromethyl Cl 1 NA 4-methoxybenzylamino Isopropyl N-(2-cyanopropyl)- 1 NA N-(3- pyridylmethyl)- amino 4-methoxybenzylamino Isopropyl 2-(hydroxymethyl)- 1 NA 3-methylbutan-2- amino 4-methoxybenzylamino Isopropyl 3- 1 NA hydroxypiperidino cyclohexylmethylamino isopropyl Cl 1 NA piperonylamino Isopropyl diethanolamino 0.8 NA 4-methoxybenzylamino Isopropyl diisopropanolamino 0.8 NA anilino Isopropyl Cl 1 NA 4-methoxybenzylamino Isopropyl N-benzyl-N-2- 1 NA hydroxyethylamino 4-phenylanilino Isopropyl diethanolamino 0.6 NA 4-phenylbenzylamino Isopropyl diethanolamino 0.6 NA 4-phenylbenzylamino Isopropyl 3-amino-1,2- 0.6 NA propanediol 4-(2- Isopropyl diethannolamino 0.5 NA thiophenyl)benzylamino 4-(4-methylphenyl) Isopropyl diethanolamino 0.6 NA benzylamino 4-(4- Isopropyl diethanolamino 0.6 NA trifluoromethyiphenyl) benzyalmino 4-thiomethoxyanilino Isopropyl Cl 0.6 NA 3-(4-nitrilophenyl) Isopropyl diethanolamino 0.5 NA anilino 3-thiomethoxyanilino Isopropyl diethanolamino 0.1 NA 4-thiomethoxyanilino Isopropyl diethanolamino 0.07 NA 3-methoxybenzylamino Isopropyl Cl 0.9 NA 4-(2-pyridinyl) Isopropyl diethanolamino 0.16 NA benzylamino 3-methoxybenzylamino Isopropyl diethanolamino 0.5 NA

The inhibition of cell proliferation properties of the compounds of this invention are demonstrated by their ability to inhibit cell proliferation in the range of about 0.05 μg/ml to 100 μg/ml, preferably less than 0.5 μg/ml.

EXAMPLE 7

A compound of this invention was evaluated for effectiveness using the Murine Leukemia Model. The Murine Leukemia Model is a standard model used in the evaluation of antitumor agents. CDF1 mice were injected ip with L1210 cells (1×10³ cells/mouse). Twenty-four hours later, these mice were treated with various doses (ip) of compound 3 of Example 1 in saline. The dosing regimen used in this study is outlined in Table 7, below. Mice were dosed with compound 3 daily or on alternate days. Control mice received saline. After 7 days, dosing was suspended and survival monitored.

TABLE 7 Median survival time Treatment N Days T/Cx100 Saline control 7 10 (9-13) 100 Compound 3 0.5 mg/kg bid 7 11 (10-15) 110 1.0 mg/kg bid 7 13 (11-13) 130   2 mg/kg bid 7 12 (10-14) 120 4 mg/kg - days 7 13 (10-15) 130 1, 3, 5, 7 8 mg/kg - days 7 13 (12-16) 130 1, 3, 5, 7

The results indicate that rats administered compound 3 survived longer than the control rats.

EXAMPLE 8

This example measured the effect of an acute local delivery of compound 3 of Example 1 in reducing neointima formation following balloon angioplasty in the rat carotid artery model. In this example, the left common carotid arteries of adult male rats (n=10 per experimental group) were surgically injured using a Fogarty arterial embolectomy catheter. Immediately after injury, the common carotid artery was bisected with a vascular clamp, thereby establishing an untreated and treated segment. A drug delivery catheter was then inserted into the distal half of the common carotid. After drug delivery, the catheter was removed and excess drug was washed out by removing the vascular clamp and re-establishing blood flow before closing the artery. The animals were allowed to recover for 14 days before harvesting the common carotid artery. The harvested tissue was sectioned and the neointimal area was digitized and measured with a computer planimetery system. For each animal, 15 measurements were averaged for the untreated segment and 15 for the treated.

The results of this Example are found in FIG. 1. According to FIG. 1, administering compound 3 of Example 1 to a damaged carotid artery reduced the neointimal area about 88% in comparison to the 6% reduction produced by the saline vehicle alone.

EXAMPLE 9

IκB-α Kinase Assays:

Compositions of this invention were assayed to determine their IκB-α kinase inhibitory activity. The human umbilical vein endothelial cell line (HUVEC) used in these studies was purchased from Clonetics (San Diego, Calif.) and was maintained in endothelial cell growth medium supplemented with 2% fetal bovine serum, 10 ng/ml human recombinant epidermal growth factor, 1 μg/ml hydrocortisone, 50 μg/ml gentamicin, 50 ng/ml amphotericin B and 12 μg/ml bovine brain extract at 37° C. in a tissue culture incubator. All growth media and supplements were purchased from Clonetics (San Diego, Calif.). E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) serotype 0111:B4 was purchased from Sigma (Saint Louis, Mich.). All other chemicals were of reagent grade.

Preparation of cell Lysate: Monolayers (75 cm²) of HUVEC cells were treated with LPS (100 ng/ml) for 5 minutes after which the cell media was rapidly removed and the monolayer washed three times with ice cold PBS. The cell layer was scraped into 10 ml PBS and the cells pelleted by centrifugation (3000 rpm, 5 min, 4° C.). Cell lysate was prepared by incubating the cell pellet in 0.2 ml lysis buffer (20 mM HEPES, pH7.3, 50 mM NaCl, 10 mM MgCl₂, 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM EGTA, 1 mM sodium orthovanadate, 10 mM β-glycerophospate, 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonylfuoride, 1 mM dithiothreitol, 0.5% Nonidet P-40 for 15 minutes at 37° C. for frequent vortexing. Cell debris was removed from the sample by microcentrifugation (10,000×g, 15 minutes, 4° C.) and the supernatant was “precleared” by the addition of 100 ml of a suspension of sepharose 4B in lysis buffer and mixing gently for 1 hour at 4° C. The speharose 4B beads were removed by microcentrifugation and the supernatant aliquotted and stored at 80° C.

Solid Phase IκB-α kinase assay: 1 μg of GST-IκB-α, corresponding to full length IκB-α of human origin, (Santa Cruz Biotechnology,) was incubated with 20 μl of a 50% slurry of glutathione S sepharose 4B (Pharmacia) in reaction buffer (20 mM HEPES, pH7.3, 10 mM MgCl₂, 15 mM β-glycerophosphate, 0.5 mM sodium orthovanadate, 0.5 mM EGTA) for 30 minutes at room temperature. The GST-IκB-bead complex was the washed three times with 0.5 ml of reaction buffer by resuspension and microcentrifugation. 10 μg of HUVEC cell lysate protein in 100 μl of reaction buffer was then added to the GST-IκB-bead complex and the mixture incubated with gentle mixing at 4° C. for 1 hour. The bead complex was then washed three times with reaction buffer containing 0.2 M NaCl and once with reaction buffer alone. Finally the bead complex was resuspended in 20 μl of reaction buffer containing 5 μCi [y-³²P]ATP (>5000 ci/mmol, New England Nuclear Corp. Boston, Mass.) and incubated at room temperature for 15 minutes. The reaction was terminated by the addition of 10 μl of SDS-PAGE sample buffer and boiled for 3 minutes before separation by SDS-PAGE (10-20% gradient Readygel, BioRad). Following electrophoresis the gel was fixed (50% methanol 10% acetic acid) for 15 minutes, washed three times for 5 minutes each with distilled H₂O and treated with 5% glycerol for 15 minutes before drying down and exposing to film for autoradiography (X-OMAT XAR-5 Kodak).

In gel kinase assay: IκB-α isozymes were assayed for activity using a modification of previously published methods (11, 19, 20). Briefly duplicate samples of the IκB-glutathione sepharose 4B bead complex were prepared as described above and were separated by electrophoresis through a 12% SDS-PAGE gel which had been polymerised in the presence of 15 μg/ml GST-IκB-α. Following electrophoresis the gel was washed gently twice for 30 minutes each with 50 mM Tris-HCI pH8.0, 5 mM β-mercaptoethanol; 20% isopropanol to remove SDS. Proteins were then denatured within the gel by incubation for 45 minutes in 100 ml 50 mM Tris-HCl pH8.0; 5 mM β-mercaptoethanol; 0.04% Tween 40. The gel was then cut in half to separate the duplicate samples, one half was incubated in 10 ml reaction buffer alone and the other in 10 ml reaction buffer containing 10 μg/ml of 2-diethanolamino-6(4-phenyl anilino)-9-isopropyl purine (compound 6 of Example 2) for 1 hour at room temperature which 10 μCi[y-³²P]ATP was added and the incubations continued for a further hour at room temperature. The gels were then subjected to multiple 15 minute washes of 100 ml each 5% trichloroacetic acid containing 1% sodium pyrophosphate until 1 ml of wash solution gave close to background radioactivity. The gels were then dried down and exposed to file for autoradiograhy.

Preparation of 2-diethanolamino-6-(4-phenybenzylamino)-9-isopropyl purine Epoxy activated Sepharose 6B Affinity Matrix. Freeze dried epoxy activated Sepharose 6B (Pharmacia LKB, Piscataway, N.J.) was chosen for the coupling reaction due to its ability to form an ether bond between an hydroxyl-containing ligand and the epoxide group on the sepharose. The gel was swollen according to the manufacturer's instructions, (100 mg) of compound 6 of Example 2was dissolved in 1 ml coupling solution (1.2:1 v/v dimethylformamide:0.1N NaOH) and mixed with 0.5 ml of swollen gel at pH 10-11 for 72 hours at room temperature with gentle agitation. Excess reactive groups were blocked with 1M ethanolamine for 4 hours at 50° C. and the gel slurry was poured into 1 ml syringe column. The resin was activated with three alternating cycles of twenty column volumes each of pH 4.0 (0.1M acetate, 0.5M NaCl) and pH 8.0 (0.1M Tris-HCl, 0.5M NaCl) buffers followed by twenty column volumes of reaction buffer (20 mM HEPES, pH7.3, 10 mM MgCl₂, 15 mM β-glycerophophate, 0.5 mM sodium orthovanadate, 0.5 mM EGTA). The column was stored at 4° C. in reaction buffer containing 0.5% sodium azide and regenerated prior to each use with alternating cycles of low and high pH as described above.

Activated HUVEC cell lysate (500 μg protein in 1 ml reaction buffer) was passed over the CVT-1545 sepharose matrix sequentially five times and the flow through was saved (unbound material). The matrix was then washed three times with 1 ml of reaction buffer (wash 1-3) then three times each with reaction buffer containing 0.5M NaCl (eluate 1-3). Aliquots (20 μl from 1 ml) of each sample were assayed for their ability to phosphorylate at GST-IκB-sepharose bead complex and analyzed by SDS-PAGE as described above.

Assay of affinity enriched IκB-α kinase. The bulked 0.5 M NaCl eluates from the affinity matrix were used as the source of enzyme for development of an IκB-α kinase filter assay. Each reaction contained affinity enriched IκB-α kinase (1 μg protein), 10 ng GST IκB-α kinase and 0.5 μCi[y-³²P]ATP (>5000 Ci/mmol, New England Nuclear Corp, Boston, Mass.) in 20 μl reaction buffer. The reaction was incubated for 15 minutes at room temperature and was terminated by the addition of 2 μl 0.5M EDTA. Reaction mixtures were blotted onto phosphocellulose disks (Gibco BRL Life Technologies, Gaithersburg, Md.) and the filters washed three times with 0.15M phosphoric acid with gentle shaking for 15 minutes (up to ten filters were washed with 300 ml of 0.15M phosphoric acid.) Following a third wash the filters were air dried, added to scintillation fluid and assayed by liquid scintillation spectrometry.

Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay: Nuclear extracts were prepared using a high-salt buffer extraction procedure. 10 pmol of double stranded NF-κB consenses oligonucleotide (5′-AGTTGAGGGGACTTTCCCAGGC-3′))Promega) was 5′ end labeled with 5 μCi [y-³²P]ATP (>5000 Ci/mmol, New England Nuclear Corp, Boston, Mass.) by incubaton with T4 polynucleotide kinase for 1 hr at 37° C. Unincorporated nucleotides were removed by pasing the reaction mixture over 1 ml Sephadex G-5-spin column. Binding assays were performed at room temperature for 1 hr and consisted of 10 μg nuclear extract protein, 1 μg salmon sperm DNA, and 5×10⁴ cpm of ³²P labeled consensus of oligonucleotide in the presence and absence of fifty fold unlabeled oligonucleotide. DNA-protein complexes were resolved by 8% non denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the gels were dried onto filter paper and visualized by autoradiography.

TABLE 8 Enzyme Activity of Selected Representatives of this Invention IC₅₀ (μM) R₁′—X R2 R3 enzyme 4-phenylbenzylamino isopropyl diethanolamino 1.1 4-phenylbenzylamino isopropyl diethylamino >2.4 4-phenylbenzylamino isopropyl ethanolamino 2.5 4-bromoanilino isopropyl diethanolamino 14 4-(3-methoxphenyl) isopropyl diethanolamino >10 benzylamino 4-(4-methoxphenyl) isopropyl diethanolamino 11 benzylamino 3-(4-nitrilophenyl) isopropyl diethanolamino 2.2 anilino 4-thiomethoxyanilino isopropyl diethanolamino 12.4 4-(2-pyridinyl) isopropyl diethanolamino 4.5 benzylamino 

What we claim is:
 1. A compound having the formula:

wherein: R₁ is —X—R₁′; in which R₁′ is lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl, and X is —NH—; R₂ is isopropyl; and R₃ is —NR₄R₅; in which R₄ is hydrogen and R₅ is lower alkyl substituted with amino or R₄ and R₅ are both lower alkyl substituted with one, two or three groups chosen from hydroxy and amino, with the proviso that R₁′ is not cyclohexylmethyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl, benzyl, phenylethyl, or m-hydroxybenzyl; or an acid addition salt or cationic salt thereof.
 2. The compound of claim 1, wherein R₄ is hydrogen and R₅ is lower alkyl substituted with amino.
 3. The compound of claim 2, wherein R₅ is 2-aminoethyl.
 4. The compound of claim 1, wherein both R₄ and R₅ are independently lower alkyl substituted with hydroxy.
 5. The compound of claim 4, wherein R₄ and R₅ are both 2-hydroxyethyl.
 6. The compound of claim 1, wherein R₁′ is aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, or heterocyclic.
 7. The compound of claim 6, wherein R₁′ is 4-phenylbenzyl, 4-bromobenzyl, 4-bromophenyl, quinolin-3-yl, quinolin-5-yl, quinolin-6-yl, or quinolin-8-yl.
 8. The compound of claim 1, wherein R₁′ is lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, or substituted cycloalkyl.
 9. The compound of claim 8, wherein R₁′ is lower alkyl of 1-8 carbon atoms.
 10. The compound of claim 9, wherein R₁′ is cycloalkyl of 3-7 carbon atoms.
 11. A pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient and a theoretically effective amount of a compound of claim
 1. 